Upon successful completion of the exam, students will be able to: define healthcare information technology; summarize the major healthcare legal practices and regulations; identify proper communication methods for use in healthcare workplace; comprehend Electronic Health Records (EHR)  and Electronic Medical Records (EMR); access roles and responsibilities for using Protected Health Information (PHI); explain how to set up, troubleshoot, and configure devices to a desktop workstation using computing resources and languages; assist in setting up basic networks with EHR/EMRs in mind; identify the uses for clinical software, and describe the steps in the clinical process; explain and identify medical interface components and diagnostics processes; describe different modes of data protection; identify areas of vulnerability and ways to protect wireless networks; and define encryption and how it can be used to secure healthcare data.

Upon completion of this exam, students will be able to: summarize the changes affecting managerial; clarify why self-awareness is vital to professional effectiveness and well-being; develop a personal brand that is consistent with how it should be perceived; describe how trust contributes to individual and organizational effectiveness; contrast what does and does not predict happiness; explain how jobs can affect health; and analyze how to use cross-cultural etiquette effectively in an organization.

Upon completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: describe why brands have become so important; compare brand identity, image, and personality; explain how brands reduce consumers’ perceived risks; critique the “pyramid” from brand awareness to brand loyalty; measure brand equality and brand value; specify why brand position and brand image are not the same; explain how social media accelerates "word of mouth"; interpret how the three brand components are built over time; describe how the brand name, brand logo, slogan and spokesperson fit together; identify the ways in which the Internet has made almost all brands “global”; and analyze how personal branding can help individuals set goals for themselves.

Upon successful completion of the proficiency exam, students will be able to: outline the organizational management structures typical for most organizations; assist in planning and strategic management of organizations; propose methods by which organizational decisions can be made in a variety of circumstances; define and explain the concept of entrepreneurship and specific problems that arise in the course of new venture management; describe issues that typically arise during the process of organizational change and innovation; identify and help solve issues that arise in managing human resources and the behavior of individuals within an organization; propose ideas that would help motivate employees to improve their performance; explain the importance of leadership and influence processes to the performance of organizations; outline the importance of communication in organizations and steps that could be taken to improve the same; and prescribe steps that may be taken to improve the managing of groups and teams, the control process and operations, and quality and productivity.

Version 1 and 2: Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: identify national differences in politics and culture; illustrate the effects of ethics on international business; explain international trade theory; describe the political economy of international business; outline the effect of foreign direct investment; discuss examples of regional economic integration; demonstrate how the foreign exchange markets work; identify and explain the roles of the international monetary system and global capital markets; show various strategies and organizational structures in international businesses; identify and choose the appropriate entry strategy and necessary strategic alliances given a fact set; lay out the details and differences between exporting, importing, and counter trade; show how global production, outsourcing, and logistics affect the international marketplace; explain how cultural and national differences affect global marketing and Research and Development; and account for international business using various countries as stakeholders.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: describe the various documents that must be filed with government agencies in order to create various types of businesses; explain the characteristics of corporations and various other business formations, especially as they relate to tax and liability issues; compare and contrast various business forms and determine which type is most appropriate in a particular situation; determine when a corporate director or officer has breached a duty to his or her company and the available shareholder remedies; describe the ways in which corporations can raise capital, including “going public” and summarize the most important securities laws relevant to IPO’s, exchanges and corporate finance; apply important employment laws such as those that protect the health and safety of employees, protect employees from dangerous or hostile environments or wrongful termination and the rules regarding employment discrimination.

Upon successful completion of the exam, students will be able to: identify the organization of information systems in general and their roles of the modern organization in a web-based environment; describe how businesses generally use information systems; assist in the management of both data and knowledge in managing an organization; describe the infrastructure of the information technology system; discuss the roles of e-businesses and e-commerce in today’s business environment; determine the extent to which wireless and mobile computing must be taken into account when managing an organization’s delivery of information over the internet; explain the method by which information systems can be acquired and applied; and manage information systems in a manner that takes into account ethical and social issues, especially those unique to the information age.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: discuss the concept of scarcity and determine why people consider opportunity costs; describe the laws of supply and demand, pricing systems and calculate price elasticity; identify the central elements of the theory of public choice; discuss the differences between long-term and short-term economic choices; compare multiple forms of competition, including monopolies, oligopolies, and perfect competition; discuss the role the government plays in the economy; identify influencing factors in microeconomics, including income differences and health care; define “externalities” and discuss how they affect economic and social decision-making.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: articulate principles relevant to finance and valuations; calculate the time value of money, including the present and future values of cash and cash flow streams; describe the effects of interest rates on valuation of many different financial products; assess the theoretical values of stocks and bonds based on various school of thought, formulas and projections; explain the effect of risk on stock and bond valuations; engage in the process of capital budgeting; and apply cost of capital principles and those of the capital asset pricing model.

Upon completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: describe basic accounting approaches and guidelines for assessment relating to different types of investments; explain  the fair value option for measuring and reporting investments; prepare the property, plant, and equipment section on a balance sheet; distinguish between land and land improvement costs; explain depreciation; distinguish between service life and physical life; explain cost, service life, salvage value, depreciable base, and book value; describe the operating cycle; distinguish between an employee and an independent contractor; distinguish between gross pay and net pay; record journal entries for payroll and withholdings; record the payroll taxes levied on the employer; identify the characteristics of corporations and their organizations; distinguish between common and preferred stocks, carefully detailing the rights and features of each class; compute earnings per share and book value per share; discuss the following assumptions: entity, going-concern, periodicity, monetary unit, and stable currency; differentiate between the indirect and direct methods of preparing a cash flow statement; and apply methods of horizontal and vertical analysis and use ratio analysis.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: describe the importance of organizational training programs and the characteristics of various types of such programs; assist in the conducting of a training needs analysis to determine the goals and objectives of an organizational training program; assist in the designing of a training program to comply with existing organizational needs; facilitate the success of trainees and organizational training program using various methods; determine methods of training that are most likely to succeed based on a given set of organizational objectives; evaluate the success of organizational training programs by reviewing the data from the results of such programs; and describe various types of organizational training programs and identify their key components and objectives.

Upon completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: discuss terms, concepts, and theories related to intercultural communication; describe the impact that religion, class, gender, race, education, and ethnicity have on communication and interpersonal interactions; examine the elements of intercultural communication competence; analyze potential barriers to intercultural communication; compare different cultural dimensions and values (i.e. power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, etc. of different populations and groups); and evaluate specific intercultural communication problems, illustrating the historical, cultural, economic, and political differences that have an impact on their solutions.

Upon successful completion of the exam, students will be able to: describe the function and purpose of computer hardware components and important application software; evaluate major operating systems; illustrate the major telecommunications alternatives and evaluate their suitability for a given task; compare and contrast Local Area Networks and Wide Area Networks; propose and evaluate solutions to data communication problems; and distinguish between the important programming languages and choose the correct computer language for the specific job.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: develop client side web pages using HTML5 and CSS3 source code that is both readable and upholds current standards; create basic HTML elements such as hyperlinks, images, tables, and forms; use latest web technologies and programming languages to structure a web page effectively; control display and formatting characteristics for web page designs using Cascading Style Sheets; discuss box properties and external style sheets to build portable, accessible, responsive web sites that present information with clarity and appeal; and compare and contrast user interactions between desktop web, mobile application, and mobile web.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: create worksheets and present them in different ways showing various fonts, styles, sizes, colors, etc.; use the power of Excel to automatically calculate mathematical data and apply it seamlessly to spreadsheets; copy cells and ranges of cells and perform other complex manipulations of spreadsheets, including adding charts, subtables, etc.; perform financial functions and data tables to produce amortization schedules and use Excel's formula checking function to minimize the possibility of error; create, sort, and query tables and the data within them; work with multiple worksheets and separate workbooks; and create templates by working with other features such as art, images, and screenshots to work these features into an Excel spreadsheet.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: create various types of documents through Microsoft Word; insert headers, footers, footnotes, endnotes, etc. into a word document to maximize the professional look of the document; produce and use templates, form letters, mailing labels, and directories; use Word features to collaborate on documents with co-workers; create and make changes to title pages, tables of contents, lists, letterheads, and various other in-document features; and create templates for online forms and enhance those forms using macros and other relevant features.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: examine the effects of drug use in modern society; analyze how drugs work on the nervous system and the actions of drugs; investigate stimulants, depressants and what drugs are used for mental disorders; analyze aspects of alcohol from the distillation of it to the use and dependence on it; list and describe drugs that are commonly used, including tobacco, caffeine, dietary supplements and over-the-counter drugs; analyze opioids and describe the current epidemic that is a nationwide issue; compare substance abuse prevention programs; and critically analyze drug policy and analyze what works, what is possible and what is feasible.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: evaluate tools to work in various settings with a variety of client groups; describe the historical and the current use of groups in social work practice; assess and apply group properties and group processes that occur in a group; investigate the basic techniques for working with diversity in groups; compile the elements to plan for, begin, and conduct a group; compare group processes to achieve the goals and objectives of the group; evaluate the outcome of a group and to use the information to improve group practice; and compare resources available to plan for and establish specific treatment and task groups.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: use various knives such as chef, boning, and paring to prepare foods; prepare amuse bouche, appetizers and Hors d’Oeuvres; create gourmet sandwiches, salads and finger foods; use various cookery methods such as roasting, steaming, frying, sautéing and poaching; assist in the preparation of food for buffets such as wedding banquets, receptions, cocktail parties and corporate events; and practice proper food handling and sanitation as stated in the National Restaurant Association’s Educational Foundation’s manual, ServSafe.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: convert fractions to decimals and vice versa; convert percentage to a decimal and a decimal or fraction to a percentage; calculate kitchen ratios; calculate food cost; explain yield percentage; and identify common food service measures.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: prepare foods from several of the countries being studied using ingredients indigenous to these countries; practice with an array of foods that might be used for events; and practice proper food handling and sanitation as stated in ServSafe, the National Restaurant Association’s Educational Foundation’s manual.

Upon successful completion of the exam, students will be able to: explain the purposes of assessment in early childhood and how infants and young children are assessed; describe elements of a comprehensive assessment system for children of all ages; explain how assessment results are used for instruction and evaluation of instructional programs; discuss how the assessment process should be implemented during the school year with school-age children; describe how test scores are reported and how and when they should be shared with parents; evaluate the pros and cons of standardized testing as well as other types of objective assessments; assist in ensuring the development and maintenance of checklists, rating scales, and rubrics; describe the types of assessments used with preschool and primary-grade children; assist in the crafting of quality portfolio assessment systems; and describe model portfolio assessment and reporting systems.

Upon successful completion of the exam, students will be able to: describe the characteristics of early childhood programs and describe the steps generally necessary to plan and apply developmentally appropriate practices; discuss the responsibilities of early childhood professionals and how they facilitate learning through effective lesson planning and group placement; describe how program quality depends on the development of differentiated instructional approaches to meet students’ needs; and evaluate the importance of building communication skills to communicate effectively with parents and coworkers.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: identify the causes of the increased professionalization of teaching in the United States today and the ramifications of this phenomenon; link educational philosophies to applied educational practices; describe the development of American education and the factors that have influenced it, from roots in classical western civilization through the current times; compare/contrast and apply different theories of education, curriculum and instruction; apply principles of multicultural education to classroom instruction; identify at-risk behaviors and proper responses to such behaviors; and identify methods that can decrease or remove racial, ethnic or gender gaps in education.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: define inclusive education and its importance as an educational practice; critically analyze the foundations of inclusive education its historical trends, current practices, and emerging challenges; compare and contrast various special learning needs and how those needs influence instructional strategies employed by the teacher; explain how collaboration and teaming can be used to more effectively implement best practices in inclusive education; and describe the critical factors associated with creating a classroom environment that facilitates effective content area instruction, behavior management, and assessment of student learning.

Upon successful completion of the exam, students will be able to: describe the foundations of reading and writing processes; use a wide range of instructional practices, approaches, methods, and curriculum materials to support reading and writing and a variety of assessment tools and practices to plan and evaluate effective reading and writing; engage students in literacy practices that develop awareness, understanding and respect for differences in their societies; create an environment that fosters development of reading and writing skills; and pursue the development of professional skills that enable students to effectively work with colleagues.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: recognize and appreciate the importance of American Literary texts; perform close readings and explicate texts written in various modes; identify and analyze fundamental literary elements and devices within various texts including nonfiction, fiction, speech, and poetry; synthesize ideas in literary form and use literary terms in correct historical context; develop and carry out research-based writings formulated on literary context including locating, evaluating, organizing, and incorporating information; write clear and grammatically correct sentences; and correctly apply MLA format to all written work.

Upon successful completion of the exam, students will be able to: recognize and describe the types of arguments made in any persuasive argument; translate written plain language arguments into symbolic language; test arguments for validity using established principles of logical reasoning; communicate in writing in logically persuasive manners and use arguments that are logically valid; apply abstract logical principles to concrete arguments and circumstances; and distinguish between various types of reasoning, including inductive, deductive and analogical.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: develop and refine the rhetorical voice; identify and employ rhetorical appeal in print visual media and use them correctly in their writing; discuss logical fallacies in text and visual media and learn to eliminate them in their writing; identify and analyze the use of value and descriptive assumptions; develop writing topics based on specific situations; write rhetorically and objectively on demand, using research sources; correctly apply MLA citation and formatting styles in all writing assignments; read and view with a keenly critical eye and mind; and integrate other writers' work as an essential seamless part of writing. Additionally, students continue to develop standard composition skills, including: essay topics, thesis statements, outlines, topic sentences, grammar, mechanics, editing process, sources, and bibliographies.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: define information literacy; outline specific skills required for someone to be informational-literate in current society; assess the importance of knowing how to access, evaluate, and utilize information in an academic or work environment; explain challenges faced by non-literate people; develop key and relevant research questions; distinguish between primary and secondary information sources and reliable and non-reliable sources; note various ways to access information; use library resources to gather information; evaluate information from a variety of sources; access relevant information electronically; identify criteria necessary when evaluating information gleaned from the internet; select appropriate methods to organize information for maximum utility and future reference; list methods to organize verbal and visual information;explain the importance of privacy and security and how they can become endangered and protected in certain environments; define various intellectual property rights that protect information; and engage in appropriate electronic discussions and presentations.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: describe the pathophysiology of the diseases covered in the course; select exercises for patients based on their clinical considerations; evaluate patients' medical history and apply when formulating exercise prescriptions; conduct a graded exercise test and  prescribe exercises for all people, both healthy and those with clinical and/or medical diseases; provide an exercise prescription and exercise training regimen specific to patients' individual needs; and recommend exercise training to people of special populations with the consideration of their individual needs.

Upon completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: correctly identify the main goals, specific objectives, and main features of sport education; design a complete sport education season template given a particular student population; plan, implement, and assess the outcomes of a full entry-level sport education season taught to students in a school setting; and develop appreciation for teaching sport in a more authentic and complete manner in a school physical education context.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: describe and illustrate the developmental continuum for life-span motor behavior; discuss each component of biological development and the changes each area brings at different life stages; evaluate how perception and information-processing affect motor control as well human development; compare the stages of motor development across the life span and describe the changes as one ages; describe the purposes of motor assessment and identify the tools necessary for each stage; and analyze the sociocultural influences on motor development and identify the role different influences play.

Upon completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: describe the background for sport and exercise psychology and related employment opportunities; propose effective teaching, coaching, and training practices for diverse participants; examine environmental influences that affect sport and exercise participants; describe group cohesion, team dynamics, leadership, and communication; design a skills training program to enhance individual performance; examine behavior change techniques that increase motivation and combat negative physical and mental health issues; and facilitate psychological growth and character development.

Upon completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: describe the nature of fashion; define and use basic vocabulary of the fashion industry; list and articulate each level of the industry and summarize how each level fits into the industry; recognize and give examples of the basic principles relating to fashion, its movement and influences including sociological, economic, psychological and environmental; discuss some of the historical development of apparel fashions; recognize specific segments within the fashion industry and describe how merchandising differs from sector to sector; identify and classify different forms of in-store and non-store retailing, their appropriate use, advantages and disadvantages; articulate the role the fashion industry plays in the global society; locate the significant and supporting domestic fashion centers in the United States and abroad and the varying roles they play in the apparel industry; identify and describe potential careers in each segment of the fashion industry; and describe the various types of retail distributors and fashion support services and explain how they service the merchants of fashion.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: identify sources of Jewish immigration in the late Nineteenth and early Twentieth centuries; discuss challenges that immigrants faced in both cultural and socioeconomic areas; describe how Jewish immigrants typically earned a living; identify institutions that helped Jews of the late 1800s maintain their culture and identity; outline steps undertaken by Jews of this era to "Americanize" themselves and their culture; discuss political trends among the Jewish community from the 1880s through the middle and late Twentieth century; identify key people who shaped the political viewpoints of the Jewish community from the 1880s through the middle and late Twentieth century; discuss the contributions of Jewish-American immigrants to American culture in the areas of arts and entertainment and identify key contributors thereto and describe their roles; discuss the influence that the Jewish press had on Jewish communities and the general society; identify great outlets of Jewish media in the late Nineteenth century and early Twentieth century and describe basic characteristics; outline the progress made by the Jewish community over the course of several generations beginning in the 1880s progressing to present day; identify contributions of key Jewish scholars to American thought and politics; discuss the journey outward from the initial community centered in lower Manhattan to the present Jewish communities that span the United States; and outline modern day challenges faced by American Jews and explain typical solutions.

Upon completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: comprehend common phrases and questions and respond appropriately; read and understand more advanced texts and answer questions in Hebrew; translate from spoken or written Hebrew into English and translate from English into Hebrew; identify the Hebrew alphabet and vowel system; identify parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions, etc.); and conjugate verbs and decline adjectives appropriately for the context.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: use mathematical notations and expressions to represent variables and write algebraic expressions and equations; solve algebraic equations, including linear, quadratic, polynomials, roots, and rational functions; graph a mathematical function and apply basic transformations to the graph and corresponding equation; work with and manipulate exponential and logarithmic expressions; solve systems of linear and basic nonlinear equations and find solution sets of systems for inequalities; recognize equations that represent conic sections such as circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, and parabolas from mathematic equations and their graphic representations.

Upon successful completion of the exam, students will be able to: convert realistic situations into mathematical concepts so mathematical tools can be used to solve them; use Venn diagrams, graphs, charts and similar methods to represent, organize and analyze data; apply principles of logic to prove or disprove statements (both in text and in mathematical form) on the basis of other given statements; identify, manipulate and utilize mathematical expressions including rational, irrational and imaginary numbers, along with mathematical expressions such as absolute value, inequalities and radicals; use principles of algebra and geometry to identify variables and express algebraic expressions on graphs; determine the probability of a specified event or condition or series of events or conditions; and apply principles of statistics, such as averages, normal distributions and standard deviations to identify statistically significant data.

Upon completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: solve systems of linear equations and perform operations on vectors; determine if a given set of vectors is linearly independent and perform linear transformations; determine if the inverse of a matrix exists, calculate the inverse of a matrix, and identify geometric changes of matrices; determine if a vector is in a vector space, identify properties of determinants, and apply Cramer’s rule to solve linear systems; determine whether a given set is a vector space or subspace, find a basis for a column space, and map a vector to its coordinate vector in a basis; find the dimension of a subspace, apply the rank theorem, and map a coordinate vector from one base to another; calculate eigenvalues, determine if a vector is an eigenvector, and diagonalize matrices; determine orthogonality projections and orthogonality of vectors; determine symmetry and orthogonality of matrices, find the matrix of a quadratic form; and find the singular values of a matrix.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: analyze the different physiologic changes that occur across different age groups; identify the different nutritional challenges of each age group; apply the science of nutritional assessment in different age groups; apply the science and knowledge of nutrition and dietetics across different age groups; analyze the effects of diseases on the health of different age groups; compare the effects of different foods on different nutritional and disease related conditions across different age groups; apply the science of nutrition and foods in recommending food choices to different age groups; and develop a thorough understanding of the internal and external factors affecting nutrition and food choices across different age groups.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: examine the theoretical perspectives of child development; explain the influences of genes and the environmental factors in development; compare different birthing procedures and the describe the choices that are available to parents; analyze the developmental norms of an infant and child and how to interpret them; summarize how attachment affects an individual’s social competence; investigate the ways that preschool children are educated; describe the ways children grow during the school years and the factors that influence their growth; list the types of relationships and friendships that are typical of middle childhood; and analyze the factors that affect adolescent school performance during school transition times.

Upon completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: distinguish how stress affects people physically, emotionally, mentally, spiritually, and socially; judge the capacity for handling the demands that are part of today's world; practice how to prevent stress; discover how to reduce or cope successfully with unavoidable stress; appraise several different measures to assess personal stress; deduce that the body is designed to respond to acute stress predictably for one outcome-survival; evaluate the skills of “managing self-talk”, “stopping negative thoughts”, and “going with the flow” as mental tools to help prevent the activation of the stress response; assess values clarification to facilitate self-understanding; discover how to spend and save money to bring a lifetime of financial freedom; examine personal spiritual health; incorporate the behaviors of proper exercise, eating right, adequate sleep, and avoiding unhealthy behaviors to form a foundation of stress management; probe complementary and alternative therapies to expand roles in stress management and health promotion; formulate a plan that addresses a specific personality and the situations that determine the most effective tools to deal with stress.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: describe how the history of psychology is studied, its philosophical influences, its physiological influences, and the contributions of its founders; explain the theoretical tenets and empirical methods of structuralism, functionalism and applied psychology; investigate the theory and methods used in Behaviorism and Gestalt Psychology; discuss the contributions of psychoanalytic and humanistic theory and method and the contemporary developments in psychology; and evaluate the relative merits of psychology's major schools of thought and key studies in the history of psychology.

Upon completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: discover coaching and the coaching process; analyze listening skills to encourage thinking; examine how questions, paraphrasing and summarizing can provide clarity to the coachee; investigate the conversational framework of the coaching process; practice tools and techniques that are the foundation of the coaching conversation; analyze how body language is used in the coaching conversation; compare different activities related to talking, drawing and playing to increase the effectiveness of the coaching session; determine the elements of the concept a “coaching way of being;” and construct a coaching contract and ethical statement.

Upon successful completion of the proficiency exam, students will be able to: describe the history of sociology as a field; identify the manner in which sociological research is conducted; consider ethical and social ramifications when conducting sociological research; define culture and diversity and relate those two concepts to each other; determine the interaction between human nature and socialization and the effect that they have on one another in various contexts; characterize societal institutions on the macro and micro levels; ascertain the role of technology on society and human interaction; detail the effects of mass media on socialization; identify the roles of social groups and organizations on human society and interaction; and analyze the role of deviance from societal norms on society and discuss the social control of deviant behavior that is exercised by society.

Upon completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: trace the historical development of Jewish dress from its sources to current practice; identify historical articles of clothing for their significance in the wearer’s life and in historical context; counsel someone who is interested in assembling authentic style accoutrements of a Jewish wardrobe for a specific ethnic group from a certain time; identify symbolism used on Jewish clothing and its significance; explain how external decrees helped shape the Jewish wardrobe historically and continue to leave lingering effects today; describe the standards of modesty suggested by current Orthodox Jewish authorities and the reasons behind them; define what Orthodox Jews mean by “Jewish” clothing and how it relates to clothing worn by Jews throughout history; and connect clothing practices across different Jewish cultures to shared underlying concepts.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: describe key principles of physiological psychology, psycho-pharmacology, physiological research methods, and the critical role of the nervous system; analyze the physiology behind sensation, perception, sleeping, eating, and feeling; evaluate the physiology of learning, memory, and communication processes; and explain physiological factors involved in neurological, anxiety-related, schizophrenia-related, and addictive disorders.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: identify and describe the classic and current theories of ethics; construct an ethical system; apply ethical approaches to various scenarios and moral dilemmas; identify major issues in environmental, business, medicine, and media ethics; describe the main issues surrounding the ethics of taking human life in specific circumstances such as suicide or euthanasia; discuss key ethical arguments in the controversy over abortion rights; present various approaches to the morality of lying, cheating, stealing, and sexual promiscuity; and look at ethical dilemmas in the news through the lens of various ethical approaches.

Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: describe foundational research regarding social context factors and social motives by examining the historical evolution of the field of social psychology; interpret how social cognition and self-concept via introspection and observation impacts self-control; examine the impact of cognitive dissonance and how attitudes can change based on the social context; determine the impacts of conformity and group process within the field of social psychology; analyze Evolutionary Psychology’s and Social Exchange Theory’s explanation of prosocial behaviors; and illustrate situational and social causes of aggression and prejudice.

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: identify all the bones of the human body and their anatomical landmarks; describe the roles of the ligaments that attach the bones and form the major joints of the human body in human locomotion and movement; identify the major muscles of the human body that cross the joints; describe the fundamental movements created in the human body’s joints by the muscles that cross the joints; and determine the effect of muscular and skeletal movement on the major blood vessels and the major nerves of the human body.

Version 1 and 2:  Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: apply the scientific method and conduct scientific inquiry and gathering of data; describe the structure of the Earth's interior and explain how different layers are identified; explain the composition of various types of rocks and minerals; outline the processes of weathering and erosion, including running water, glaciers, wind, etc.; relate plate tectonics and the dynamic earth to earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of mountains; interpret data relating to earthquakes such as "p" and "s" waves and Richter scale values; explain the structure and composition of the atmosphere, including its features such as temperature, air pressure, and moisture; identify the effects of air pressure, temperature, wind, and other meteorological data on weather and weather patterns; interpret the effects of air masses, moving air masses, and fronts on weather on weather disturbances such as hurricanes and tornadoes; identify characteristics of various climate types; and discuss the impact of human activity on the weather and climate on Earth, including concept of greenhouse gas emission and its effect on global climate.

Version 1 and 2: Upon successful completion of this proficiency exam, students will be able to: describe the roles of the major types of biological molecules in forming living organisms and carrying out life processes; apply the roles of each of the parts of a cell to the life processes that they carry out; analyze the manner in which substances that help determine genetic inheritance, including chromosomes, DNA, nucleotides, etc., impact the genetic characteristics of offspring; apply the various life processes carried out by human organs and organ systems to the over-all goal of maintaining homeostasis in human beings; and evaluate the impacts that various interferences with homeostasis may have on the functioning of the human body and identify the steps that the human body takes to deal with such interference.