Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: define philosophy’s core branches, including metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics; critically assess the philosophical debate between determinism and free will, evaluating implications for personal autonomy and moral responsibility; compare major ethical theories—utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics—and apply them to real-world moral dilemmas, focusing on human well-being and flourishing; explore the philosophical foundations of rationalism and empiricism, critically examining how we acquire knowledge and understand reality through figures like Plato, Descartes, Locke, and Hume; critically evaluate the contributions of thinkers like Marx and Einstein in challenging conventional views of reality, exploring their broader philosophical implications; integrate insights from both Western and non-Western traditions to form a comprehensive understanding of philosophical approaches to existence, knowledge, and ethics.