After completing the proficiency examination, students will be able to: interpret the precise, simple meaning of the original Aramaic text; analyze a folio from the Talmud with the commentary of Rashi drawn from a specifically defined range of Talmudic sources; demonstrate comprehension skills and command of a basic vocabulary of Talmudic Aramaic; identify and distinguish between the scholars recorded in the Mishna, known as Tannaim, and those in the Gemara, known as Amoraim; display familiarity with the basic concepts that appear throughout the tractates of Nezikin; evaluate the various types of monetary compensations for damages to persons or property; extrapolate a viable conclusion to moral or legal issues that relate to civil or criminal law; and pursue concepts out to their practical application in Jewish law today.