Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: define the term “The Spread”; name the chain of command on a pipeline job; list seven employee obligations; name three general hazards associated with working on a pipeline; explain the “common sense” approach to hazard recognition; define what a “pinch point” is; list five pieces of personal protective equipment (PPE) commonly used on pipeline projects; give the minimum clearance between overhead power lines and any part of a crane or load; explain the use of “goal posts”; name two causes of trench failures or cave-ins; list the three main protective systems used to protect against cave-ins; identify the weakest soil type, and describe how it affects the slope of the trench walls; explain the difference between shoring and shielding; specify at what height a walkway over a trench bottom requires handrails; identify one of the hazards of confined spaces; name the type of information found on safety data sheets (SDSs); explain why there must be a controlled access area set up when the device used to x-ray welds is in use; explain why hooking and unhooking mud mats is dangerous; name at least four actions you can take to prevent heat stress; name at least four actions you can take to prevent cold stress; demonstrate proper lifting technique; name the most commonly injured part of the back, and explain why it is so frequently injured; list at least five types of work that Construction Craft Laborers (CCLs) perform on a pipeline project; describe the process of rigging pipe joints using a side boom with wire rope slings and hooks; explain the benefits of using a vacuum lift; demonstrate three methods for securing loads; explain the difference between right of way (ROW) stakes and ditch stakes; describe the purpose of station numbers; name two reasons for having overnight fire watches; list the steps for opening and closing a fence gap; list the duties of a CCL when using pumps to dewater a trench; describe two ways of making yourself more visible to an equipment operator when giving signals; explain when voice commands need to be used; state what skids are used for; name a safety precaution you should take when flagging traffic; describe the correct method for crossing equipment over paved roads; list three types of protective barriers installed by the environmental crew; define “soil compaction”; give an example of a problem caused by backfill soil that wasn’t compacted properly; list three of the factors to consider when determining the amount of compaction needed to compact backfill to the proper density; name two types of compaction equipment that a CCL will routinely operate; explain how and when to clean the tracks of equipment; list three “good housekeeping” tasks; explain the two main purposes of a warehouse; describe one task that Construction Craft Laborers (CCLs) perform during the setup of a jobsite warehouse; list and describe three ongoing tasks that CCLs do at a warehouse; describe the process of setting up a storage trailer; describe how to safely unload pipe being delivered to a job; state what a “staging area” is and what it is used for; describe the proper steps involved in preparing drinking water for a crew; explain what a berm is and what it is used for; explain why “good housekeeping” and organization are important; list three hazards of warehouse work; explain the main task of the Line Locating Crew; paraphrase the main sequence of steps the Line Locating Crew goes through to locate an underground line; list three hazards of rupturing an underground utility line; name three steps that are taken before excavation begins; explain what “One-Call” systems are and what purpose they serve; identify five indicators from records or from the field that may signal the presence of an underground utility; tell what an alignment sheet is and what information it provides; correctly identify at least five of the nine color-coded surface markings; list two common types of temporary markers; explain what an M-scope is and what it is used for; explain what potholing is; demonstrate the process of potholing an underground utility line; tell what a protective barrier is; list at least three signs you may see during potholing that may indicate an underground line is nearby; explain what a hydro-vac is and what it is used for; tell why it is important to inspect the coating of uncovered lines; list the information that should be listed on temporary markings that are installed after a “find”; list at least four things CCLs do during the line locating process; describe the main task of the fence crew; identify one thing you need to do before clearing brush; describe a situation where existing fence is saved for reuse; describe a gap; demonstrate the ability to build a temporary gap, including the use of a power auger and construction of an H-brace; explain the general sequence used to build a straight gap; explain the general sequence used to build an angled gap; describe a power augur and what it is used for; explain how to properly open and close a gap; explain why it is important to close a gap securely; identify the PPE commonly worn by members of the fence crew; describe the general work of the clearing crew; list three tasks performed by CCLs on the clearing crew; tell why it is important that all work remain within the limits of the right-of-way; describe what a point of intersection (PI) is and where it is used; list four observable signs to help recognize the ROW; describe the most common type of marking device; list five colors of flagging, and explain what they stand for; explain two of the considerations the must be taken into account during controlled burning operations; explain why operating chippers can be dangerous, and list six safety procedures to help minimize this risk; list three things a swamper does while assisting heavy equipment operators on the clearing crew; describe the type of work done by the environmental crew; list three reasons why environmental protection is important; list three types of erosion control methods; explain the purpose of a silt fence and demonstrate how to correctly set up and dismantle a silt fence; list two types of ditch breaks and where they are used; identify three common hazards of environmental protection work; describe the general work of the grade crew; explain why grading the ROW is important; list two specific tasks of the grad crew; list at least one role of a CCL on a grade crew; describe the role of a swamper; list three important precautions that the grade crew should observe; explain the main job of the ditch crew; describe what a soft plug and hard plug are; list one task that must be completed when excavating a ditch in a wet area; list two types of heavy equipment commonly used to excavate a ditch; list three duties of CCLs on ditch crews; explain what offset stakes are and what they are used for; list two do’s and don’ts when guiding an equipment operator; explain why it is important to open and close gaps properly; identify the risk experienced by the ditch crew that results in the most injuries and fatalities each year; list two methods of preventing cave-ins; state at what ditch depth cave-in prevention measures become required; describe the main task of the rock ditch crew; describe two tasks of the drill crew; describe two tasks of the powder crew; describe the main task of the matting crew; list two common types of heavy equipment used when matting; list three hazards associated with working on the rock ditch crew; list the main method used to clear an area and announce an upcoming blast; list three tasks of the rock ditch crew that require additional training; explain the main task of a skid crew; tell what a skid is and what it is used for; explain why it is important to keep pipe up off the ground; explain why proper spacing of skids on the ROW is important; identify four common configurations of skids: stacked, slide, crib/pigpen, and crotch; demonstrate the ability to build safe and secure support structures out of skids; explain the reason for adding padding to skids, and list common padding materials; list five activities done during the mainline activities phase of pipeline construction; state the methods for protecting and securing pipe for hauling; identify two of the common materials used to pad skids; explain when and why you need to double up pipe joints when stringing them along the ROW; name two markings written on the pipe by the bending engineer and his or her helpers; describe the process of rigging the pipe and putting it through the bending machine; identify two common types of bends; give the reason for rolling seams when setting up pipe in preparation for welding; explain what carry-back is and what you should do if you lose it; state the reason why special PPE is required when working in the vicinity of the end-facing machine; describe the hazard associated with weld X-ray equipment used to inspect welds on a pipeline project; define nightcaps; explain why the coating on the pipeline is important; explain why proper sandblasting is important to the coating process; give a definition for “sand pot”; demonstrate the process of setting up sandblasting equipment; demonstrate how to use a sand blaster to prepare pipe for coating; name three of the basic maintenance duties you will perform on sandblasting equipment; describe the proper PPE for sandblasting with silica sand; list the three types of epoxy coatings and demonstrate how to apply them; demonstrate how to apply a shrink sleeve; explain the two types of tape, and demonstrate the methods for applying them; give a brief explanation of what a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is; demonstrate how to jeep the pipe (use a holiday detector); describe and demonstrate three patching methods for repairing holidays; identify four hazards of working on the coating crew; define dewatering; demonstrate how to set up a 3” gas-powered water pump; describe, in general, what a CCL will be doing to maintain water pumps; describe ditch soil conditions that may adversely affect pipe coating; state the minimum depth of soil that is required for bedding material; explain how to rig a pipe for lowering-in using a roller cradle; describe how to rig a pipe for lowering-in using a lowering-in sling; describe the need and requirements for protecting the pipe and coating during placement (lowering-in); explain how skids are used in the trench during lowering-in; describe how to prevent damage to coating during backfill operations; explain why there is a CCL assigned to perform fire watch duties during the tie-in process; define a pup joint; explain what a bell hole is; give a brief explanation of why zinc ribbon is placed in the ditch along both sides of the pipeline; describe how to verify pipeline wall thickness and location; demonstrate how CAD-weld test leads onto a pipe; describe how to select a location for an exothermic weld (CAD-weld), the exothermic weld size, and the appropriate furnace/mold; describe the final steps associated with test lead installation, as part of the cathodic protection system; describe the difference between a cradle auger boring machine and a track auger boring machine; explain what a “deadman” is and how it is used when boring with a cradle auger boring machine; explain what slurry is and how it is used when boring or drilling; describe the process, when using horizontal directional drilling, of obtaining the appropriately sized hole for the pipe being used; list three hazards associated with boring under roads; explain why you could have problems from stopping while pulling the pipe through the hole passing under a river, made by a horizontal directional drilling machine; explain how the cutting head of a horizontal directional drilling machine is “steered”; list three of the cleanup duties CCLs will be expected to perform; explain the main purpose of testing a pipeline before it is put into service; name the most common method of testing a pipe; identify and describe the purpose of the “pig” that is used for pipeline testing; describe the general steps to hydro-test a section of pipeline; explain what a caliper pig is and what it is used for; tell why pressure test results have to be certified; explain why it is important to take accurate temperature readings during pressure testing; describe the biggest hazard that results from pressure testing on a pipeline; describe the general work scope of the cleanup and restoration crew; explain the differences between clean up in urban areas compared to rural areas; describe what must be done to roads and driveways that were disturbed during construction; list three things that are removed by the cleanup and restoration crew; explain three types of permanent erosion control devices; tell where fences need to get rebuilt; list four locations where permanent pipeline markers need to be installed; identify three of the five pieces of information that must appear on a pipeline mile marker; list three of the four things that need to be verified when inspecting an existing pipeline marker; explain the things on private property that must be restored to their original, pre-construction, condition; list three hazards encountered while doing cleanup and restoration work; describe what type of work is considered “specialty work”; list two of the three methods of crossing a river; describe what dredging is and where it is used; describe the general process of floating a pipe across a waterway; describe what happens at a “push site”; explain what an aerial crossing is; describe three tasks that are done at a fabrication yard; explain what “special fabricated devices” are and what purpose they serve on the pipeline; list three things Construction Craft Laborers (CCLs) do at a fabrication yard; define “double jointing,” and tell why it is done; explain why some sections of pipe have concrete installed on them; explain what happens at “pipe yard”; explain what a “tie-down anchor” is and what it is used for; list three hazards of specialty work; describe what is done at a central pipeline control center using a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) control system; explain what a sphere is and what it is used for; describe how the safety record of pipelines compares to other transportation methods; explain what an emergency management plan is and why it is important; describe how pipelines are cleaned of build-up on the inside walls of the pipe; describe what an “aerial” pipeline inspection is and what purpose it serves; describe what a “smart pig” is and what it is used for; explain when the coating on a pipe must be inspected; list three defects that may be found when inspecting the coating of an exposed pipe; list five things that may be found when inspecting the structural integrity of an exposed pipe; list two reasons why an excavation area around an existing pipe may have to be extended; describe a “clock spring repair” and how its use affects the structural integrity of the pipe; and list four abnormal operation conditions that warrant notifying a designated operating representative.