Instruction provides an overview of the principles of macroeconomics and focuses on the economy as a whole, including the meaning and measurement of the gross domestic product.  Major topics include:  effects of government expenditure and taxation, causes of inflation and unemployment, government deficit and debt, and international trade and the balance of trade, subjects such as the interaction of economic variables, the effects of borrowing by the federal government, changes over time in unemployment rates, and government policies to create and sustain economic growth, and an extensive look at macroeconomics from an international perspective including balance of payments and exchange rates. The course of study necessary to be prepared for the proctored proficiency examination consists of lessons based on the readings from the textbook.  Students are encouraged to answer all the review questions and quizzes for each chapter.